Card 3
Credit : - Md. Sawran Sorker(04) -- Zamimmah Masnun Aurpa(65) -- Rafia Rezwana(66) -- Kayanat Siddiqui Suti(86) -- Nasim Al Mamun(88) -- Sadiya Aysha(160)
Aziz Sir
1. Define digestion and absorption
2. Common digestive juices with source, daily secretion, pH
3. Classification of hydrolases enzyme with example
4. Digestive juices with their components and function
5. mucus-properties, function
6. Saliva- Composition and function
7. Local hormone-origin, source of secretion, function
8. Alkali tide
9. Function of HCL
10. Intrinsic factor of castle-source, function, importance
11. Consequence of parietal cell failure
12. What is achlorhydria
13. Types of bile and difference, details of zymogens
14. Details of digestion of carbohydrate, protein and fat
15. Details of absorption of carbohydrate, protein and fat
16. Which part where digestion and absorption occur
17. What is enteric nervous system- types, composition and function
18. What do you mean by sympathetic & para sympathetic nervous system?
19. Parts of alimentary system
20. Composition of nerve supply of alimentary system
21. Function of alimentary system
22. What is glycemic index with value
23. Glycemic index of different food
24. End product of carbohydrate, protein, fat
Tarana Madam
1. Define digestion, absorption
2. Definition of digestive juice, Name digestive juice with pH
3. Name digestive enzymes with example
4. Components of digestive juice and composition
5. Definition of local hormones of GIT, Name the local hormones of GIT with origin, stimulus for secretion and function
6. Mucus – Definition, Properties, Function
7. Saliva- Definition, Function
8. Gastric Juice- Components, Function, Regulation
9. Gastric HCl- Mechanism, Function
10. Regulation of pancreatic secretion and function
11. Bile- Definition, Composition, Function, Regulation
12. Function of bile salt
13. Name the bile acid and formation of bile
14. Zymogens- Source, active form, activator, definition
15. Function of succus entericus
16. The steps of carbohydrate, protein, fat digestion and absorption
17. Steatorrhea – Definition, Cause, Consequence
18. What is endopeptidase, exopeptidase
19. Lipases – Origin, site of action, specialty, function
20. Short Note- Alkali tide, Gastrin, Emulsification, Micelle, Entero-hepatic circulation
Aziz Sir
1. Define biological oxidation,
2. Enzyme of biological oxidation,
3. Principles, mechanism, importance.
4. Respiratory chain-definition, component, organization,
5. Salient features, site of ATP synthesis,
6. redox potential,
7. Clinical disorder, inhibitors,
8. operational view of respiratory chain.
9. Phosphorylation-definition, two level, source of ATP,
10. High and low energy phosphate compound with example,
11. regulation of metabolic pathways and metabolism,
12. What is dehydrogenation,
13. ATP-ADP cycle, ATP homeostasis,
14. Primary, secondary and tertiary metabolism with example,
15. Metabolic Fuel, Phases of catabolism,
16. Metabolic pathway-define, types, purpose of metabolism,
17. Definition-metabolism, anabolism, catabolism
Tarana Madam
1. Define Metabolism, anabolism, catabolism, bioenergetics, intermediary metabolism
2. What do you mean by free energy?
3. Purpose of metabolism, pathway, phages
4. Metabolic fuel
5. Paradigm of metabolism
6. ATP- definition, composition, function, source
7. Biological Oxidation – Definition, enzymes, principle, mechanism, purpose
8. ETC Respiratory Chain – Definition, components, organization, salient features, transport of electron with figure, inhibitors
9. Oxidative phosphorylation – Definition, types
10. How ATP is produced in the ETC by oxidative phosphorylation
11. Define redox potential
12. High and low energy phosphate compounds
13. Short Note: ATP- ADP Cycle, ATP homeostasis
Aziz Sir
1. Important dietary carbohydrate
2. Salient features of glycolysis, steps & phage & important of glycolysis
3. Difference between aerobic vs anaerobic glycolysis
4. OAA is the catalyst of TCA cycle, justify
5. TCA is the common pathway
6. Source & metabolic fates of pyruvates
Tarana Madam
1. Intermediary metabolism of carbohydrate
2. Glucose pool
3. Glucostatic function of liver
4. Importance of normal blood glucose concentration
5. Metabolic fates of glucose after absorption
6. Glycolysis- Definition, Classification, Salient features , steps, Rate limiting step, Irreversible step, ATP production, importance, inhibition, regulation, importance of anerobic glycolysis
7. How pyruvate is converted to acetyl Co-A
8. TCA cycle – Definition, salient features, steps, ATP production, significance
9. Vitamins and their coenzymes essential for TCA cycle
10. Calculate the total ATP production from oxidation of 1 mol of glucose
11. Why TCA cycle is called common metabolic pathway
12. Why TCA cycle is called amphibolic pathway
13. Sources and fates of pyruvate
14. Sources and fates of Acetyl Co-A
15. Effects of pyruvate kinase deficiency
16. Transport of glucose into cells
17. BPG Shunt
Aziz Sir
1. Intermediate metabolism of glucose
2. Glucose pool
3. Define glucose homeostasis,
4. Glucostatic function of liver
5. Important of normal blood glucose concentration
6. Basal glucose uptake by different organs
7. Steps & salient features of gluconeogenesis, regulations of gluconeogenesis
8. Short note CORI cycle & importance of it
9. Salient features & stages of HMP shunt
10. Salient features of glycogenesis, glycogenolysis,
11. Difference between hepatic and muscles glycogenolysis,
12. Role of liver glycogen, role of muscle glycogens
13. Sources & metabolic fates of glucose 6-p
14. Sources & metabolic fates of Acetyl CO-A
15. Roadmap for complete oxidation of glucose to generate ATP
Tarana Madam
1. Blood glucose homeostasis
2. Hormonal regulation of blood glucose concentration
3. Gluconeogenesis- Definition, salient features, steps, rate limiting enzyme, importance, regulation
4. Glycogenesis – Definition, salient features, steps, rate limiting enzyme, importance, regulation
5. Glycogenolysis- Definition, salient features, steps, rate limiting enzyme, regulation
6. Role of liver and muscle glycogen
7. Difference between liver and muscle glycogen
8. Regulation of glycogen metabolism
9. HMP shunt- Definition, salient features, steps, rate limiting enzyme, importance
10. Role of HMP shunt in RBC
11. Comparison between glycolysis and HMP Shunt
12. Premature babies are prone to hypoglycemia
13. Importance of glucose-6 phosphate enzyme
14. Glycogen storage diseases
15. Glucose -6 phosphate – Sources, metabolic fates
16. Vitamins and coenzyme needed for carbohydrate metabolism
17. Uronic acid pathway for glucose oxidation
18. Short Note- Cori cycle
Aziz Sir
1. Define protein turn over, Normal level,
2. Define Amino acid pool,
3. Sources & routes, metabolic fates of amino acid,
4. Intermediary metabolism of amino acid,
5. Define nitrogen balance & types sources of ammonia,
6. Metabolic fates of ammonia, what is intoxication & causes
Tarana Madam
1. Protein turnover
2. Amino acid pool – sources, routes, definition
3. Metabolic fates of amino acid after absorption
4. Intermediary metabolism of amino acid
5. Nitrogen balance- Definition, Types, Importance
6. Metabolism of ammonia – sources, disposal of NH3
7. Transport of ammonia from peripheral tissue to liver
8. Transport of ammonia in the circulation
9. Ammonia intoxication- causes, mechanism, symptoms, definition
10. Hyperammonemia- Types
Aziz Sir
1. Define transamination,
2. What mostly participate in transamination,
3. Which amino acids don't participate transamination,
4. Salient features & steps of Urea cycle,
5. Clinical significance of creatinine,
6. Roadmap for complete oxidation of amino acid to generate ATP
Tarana Madam
1. Transamination- Definition Salient features mechanism of importance example.
2. Deamination- Definition types.
3. Oxidative deamination Definition Salient features mechanism importance example.
4. Diagnostic value of plasma aminotransferase.
5. Urea cycle. Salient feature steps function importance. Diagram definition.
6. The steps of urea biosynthesis.
7. Sources of atoms of urea.
8. Fate of urea.
9. Catabolism of carbon skeleton of amino acid.
10. Glutamine acts as a buffer for ammonia metabolism.
11. Name of Ketoacids
Aziz Sir
1. Types of plasma lipid,
2. Plasma FFA Pool content
3. Fat burns on the flame of carbohydrate
4. Fish oil is cardio protective
5. Anabolic &catabolic pathway of intermediary metabolism of lipid,
6. Salient feature of lipogenesis & TAG,
7. Steps of neutral TAG synthesis, fate, types,
8. Regulation of TAG metabolism,
9. Fate of fatty acid,
10. Brown adipose tissue
11. Salient feature of beta oxidation,
12. ATP formation in b- oxidation
13. Carnitine shuttle mechanism,
14. ATP production of beta oxidation,
Tarana Madam
1. Name the blood lipids.
2. Intermediary Metabolism of lipid.
3. Sources of fatty acid.
4. Intermediary metabolism of fatty acid.
5. Lipogenesis, Salient features steps definition.
6. Synthesis of TAG,
7. synthesis of TAG from glucose.
8. Lipolysis, definition selling features steps.
9. Salient features steps.
10. Fate of fatty acid and glycerol Regulation of TAG metabolism
11. beta oxidation of fatty acid Definition, Salient features, stages.
12. ATP generation from oxidation of palmitic acid or 18 to 20 carbons fatty acid.
13. Beta oxidation of fatty acid with odd number carbon.
14. What do you mean by Alpha oxidation?
15. Types of storage fat.
16. Short note Carnitine shuttle.
Aziz Sir
1. Salient feature of ketogenesis,
2. Cause of ketogenesis,
3. Peculiarities of acetone, definition of ketosis,
4. Mechanism of ketosis & ketoacidosis,
5. Chemistry of cholesterol,
6. Steps of cholesterol synthesis,
7. Metabolic fates of cholesterol,
8. Action of HMG Co A reductase,
9. Types of essential fatty acid,
10. Synthesis of eicosanoids,
11. Function of eicosanoids (individually),
12. function of prostaglandin
Tarana Madam
1. Ketone bodies, definition, sources, fates, clinical importance.
2. Name the Ketone bodies.
3. General information about Ketone bodies.
4. How are Ketone bodies used as a metabolic fuel?
5. Ketogenesis definition, Salient features, steps, importance.
6. Ketosis definition and causes.
7. Ketoacidosis- Definition, causes.
8. Ketonemia- definition, causes.
9. How ketosis develops in uncontrolled, diabetes Mellitus, starvation and alcoholism.
10. Cholesterol sources, functions/ fat turnover, structure. Salient feature, steps regulation.
11. Eicosanoids Definition, synthesis, function, general information, classification
12. Function of a specific Eicosanoids
13. Prostaglandin’s definition, synthesis, function.
14. therapeutic use of eicosanoids
15. Name, the bile acid and bile salt.
16. Definition of ketonuria
Aziz Sir
1. general features of lipoprotein, constituents of Lipoprotein
2. Organization of Lipoprotein
3. Types, composition of Lipoprotein
4. Types and profile of apoprotein
5. Importance of apoprotein in LP
6. Mechanism of antiatherogenic and cardio protective function of HDL,
7. Salient feature of CM
8. Salient feature of VLDL
9. Factor increasing hepatic VLDL synthesis
10. Salient features of LDL
11. Salient feature of HDL
12. HDL cycle
13. RCT
14. HDL is cholesterol scavenger
15. Function of chylomicron, VLDL, LDL, HDL
16. Clinical importance of Lipoprotein
17. Cholesterol transport
18. Enzymes and protein in Lipoprotein metabolism
19. Fatty liver disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
20. Cellular free cholesterol pool
Tarana Madam
1. Lipoprotein- definition, types, composition, structure, constituent, organization, functions, clinical importance.
2. Name the atherogenic lipoprotein.
3. Apoprotein Definition, types with their origin, function.
4. Chylomicron metabolism- Salient features, steps, diagram.
5. VLDL metabolism- Salient features, steps, diagram.
6. LDL metabolism- Salient features, steps, diagram.
7. HDL metabolism- Salient features steps, diagram.
8. Importance of reverse cholesterol transport.
9. Lipid transport
10. Why HDL is called good cholesterol
Aziz Sir
1. Details of feed fast cycle,
2. Fuel reserve and storage site,
3. Advantage of fat as energy store over glycogen and disadvantage of fat as energy store,
4. Details of inter conversion of metabolic fuels,
5. Metabolic profile of major tissues,
6. Major metabolic events occurring in liver, adipose tissue, skeletal muscle in fed state,
7. What is starvation, metabolic response, phases,
8. Major metabolic events occurring in liver, adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, brain in fasting state,
9. Major metabolic events occurring in short term starvation, prolong starvation
10. Glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis role on blood glucose
11. Role of kidney in starvation i.e., long-term fasting
12. Mitochondria is the power house of cell, Explain.
13. Metabolic pathways that take place in cytoplasm, mitochondria, in both mitochondria and cytoplasm,
14. Major metabolic pathways in principal organs,
15. Metabolic response to trauma
Tarana Madam
1. Hormones of metabolic homeostasis
2. Choice of metabolic pools of tissues in order of preference.
3. Usable fuel profile of major tissues in different metabolic States.
4. Metabolism in well-fed state in liver.
5. Metabolism in Starvation in liver.
6. Definition of well-fed state.
7. Fuel storage (just sites)
8. Phases of starvation.
9. Major metabolic events occur in liver in short-term starvation?
10. Major metabolic events offering in liver in prolonged starvation?