Card 3: Respiratory Physiology
Credit: Kaniz Fatema Hafiz (61) -- HRIDOY BANIK (192)
Israt mam - A Batch
1.Define respiration
2.Muscles in quite inspiration & expiration
3.Muscle in forceful inspiration &expiration
4.Rate of respiration
5. Beginning of intraptueral pressure
6.Time for respiration
7.Which one active?
8.Residual volume — definition, amount, importance *
9.Why lung doesn’t collapse?
10.Name of the lung function test
11. FEV1 — definition, importance ** & normal value
12. Pulmonary & Alveolar ventilation definition , amount
13. Tidal volume — definition, amount
14. Vital capacity-definition, amount, normal value
15. Total lung capacity-definition amount
16. Uses of spirometer
17. Which cannot be measured in a direct way by spirometer?(
18. Procedure of measurement of residual volume and functional residual capacity?
19. All lung volume and capacities decreases in restrictive airways Difference between obstructive and restrictive lung disease
20. Dead space define, type, importance
21.In Partially functional or nonfunctional alveoli, how many times physiological dead space will be?
22. How are the two types of dead spaces are measured?
Rosy Mam
1. Define respiration & its mechanism
2. What is Pulmonary Ventilation & amount?
3. What is alveolar ventilation?
4. What are the volumes & capacity of lung?
5. What is tidal volume & amount
6. What is vital capacity, amount
7. Total lung capacity amount
8. What is dead space, amount of dead space.
9. Functional tests
10. What do you mean by FEV1, range ?
11. What is intra alveolar pressure
12. What is intra plural pressure
13. What is trans pulmonary pressure.
14. What is compliance of lungs?
15. What is surfactant?
16. What do you mean by infant respiratory distress syndrome.
17. Respiratory rate
C Batch
1. Definition or respiration, types and steps or respiration
2. Pulmonary ventilation
3. Alveolar ventilation
4. Mechanisms Of inspiration
5. Lung function test
6. GAS Exchange area
7. Lung compliance
8. Anatomical and physiological dead space
9. All pulmonary volume and capacity with amount and definition
10.Vital capacity and factors that affecting that
11.Transpulmonary pressure
Raihan mam - D Batch
1)Pulmonary Volumes: definitions
and normal values
2)Respiratory zone
3)Conducting zone
4)Mechanism of breathing
5)Definition of respiration: given by raihan mam: It is the sum of those processes which support and regulate tissue metabolic biological oxidation
and it's types.
6)Muscles involved in both normal
and forced respiration and
their percentage contribution
7)importance of
surfactant
8) how surfactant reduce
alveolar pressure
9)dead space,
anatomical & physiological
dead space
10) how much percentage
diaphragm constitutes in
inspiration (75%)
11)pulmonary ventilation def
12) 3 physiological dead space
13)what is Spirometry
14) Mechanism of pulmonary ventilation
15)what is Vital Capacity and amount
16)Pulmonary respiration, Pulmonary volumes ,Pulmonary capicities
17) how surfactant prevent pulmonary edema
18).functional residual capacity and volume definition
19) cross section of Pulmonary
unit of the lung, Conducting parts
Respiratory parts..like which parts
it includes..
20)What is lung compliance?
21)What is transpulmonary pressure?
22)What is expiratory reserve volume
and amount!
23):definition and amount of tidal
volume and vital capacity
24)Total lung capacity , Functional residual capacity definition and amount
25) Inspiratory reserve volume and Expiratory reserve volume def and amount
26)name of lung function test
Israt mam - A Batch
1. Respiratory unit
2. Ventilation-perfusion ratio & definition
3. Ventilation & perfusion ratio in Apex & base?
4. Respiratory membrane layer and factors
5. Physiological stunt?
6. Mechanism that keep alveolus dry?
7. Diffusion co-efficient depends on?
8. Diffusing capacity?
9. Zones of lung
10. Safety factor for pulmonary edema?
11. Surfactant: Made of ,site& time of production
12. Peculiarities of pulmonary circulation
Rosy Mam
1. Ventilation perfusion ratio: definition, value when is it 0 & when is it 1?
2. Peculiarities of pulmonary circulation
3. Respiration unit
4. Composition of inspired expired air
5. Respiratory membrane
6. Layers of respiratory membrane
7. Diffusion capacity
8. Factors affecting diffusion capacity
9. Factors affecting gaseous transport
C Batch
1. Pulmonary circulation peculiarities
2. Respiratory unit
3. layers or respiratory membrane and factors affecting diffusion through respiratory membrane
4. what is ventilation perfusion ratio?
5. what is psychological shunt and shunted blood
6. alveolar air composition
7. how alveoli are kept dry?
8. why is filtration in pulmonary circulation less?
Raihan mam - D Batch
(1)Peculiarities of pulmonary
circulation !
(2)Hypoxia e te vasoconstriction
howar advantage ki?
(3)Pulmonary artery gula thin and
diameter boro and short howar
Advantage ki!?
(4)poiseulles law
(5) Pulmonary circulation (mam er
mote high pressure low blood flow
eitate nai)
(6)What happens at the base of the lungs to the ventilation?
(7)Ventilation perfusion ratio:
definition, normal ratio value
(8)What happens to alveolar
ventilation and ventilation
perfusion ratio during deep and
shallow breathing?
(9)Ventilation perfusion ratio in apex of lungs and it's effect.
(10)What happens during hypoxia and why it happens?
(11)Frank starling forces causing
diffusion of gases in capillaries.
(13)Diffusion capacity and factors on which it depend.
(14)value of diffusion capacity for oxygen and carbondioxide
(15)Why the systolic and diastolic
pressure is very low in pulmonary
artery than systemic artery?
(16)What is respiratory membrane,its layers, its thickness and factors affecting rate of respiration through it?
(17)What is Physiological dead space?
(18)What effect does fibrosis of lung tissue and emphysema have on the rate of diffusion of gases?
(19)effect of gravity on pulmonary
circulation
(20)Composition of air
(21)Humidification of inspired air
(22)Respiratory unit
(23)Layers and diameter of respiratory membrane
Israt mam - A Batch
1. How is O2 transported in the blood ?
2. Characteristics of O2-Hb dissociation curve
3. Parts of O2-Hb dissociation curve
4. Why the curve is sigmoid shape?
5. Factors shifting the curve to right and left and where do these shifting occur?
6. Bohr effect and imp
7. What is P50? & importance
8. Forms of CO2 that are transported in blood
9. Chloride shift? Mechanism**
10. Haldane effect? & importance
11. Difference of Haldane and Bohr effect
Rosy Mam
1. Describe shortly the transport mechanism of a from. lung to tissue. what are the forms in which CO2 are carried in blood ?
2. Draw & Label O2- Hb dissociation curve . what is P50? what is Bohr effect.
C Batch
1. Transportation of oxygen from alveolar air to tissue
2. Changes of hemoglobin saturation percentage due to change Of partial
3. Pressure of oxygen
4. Factors that shirting the curve to the right
5. Importance and definition of
6. Haldane effect
7. P50
8. BHOR EFFECT
9. CHLORIDE SHIFT
10. HOW CO2 IS TRANSPORTED IN THE BLOOD
Raihan mam - D Batch
(1)Oxygen transport through blood
(2)How much 02 will be dissolved
for 1mmHg pressure difference
(3) hb binding nature(oxegynation
or oxidation) and Why 02-Hb is called Oxygenation
not oxidation?
(4)How 02 is bound with
haemoglobin?
(5)Parts of 02 haemoglobin
dissociation curve & their parts
with importance
(6)The points which are used in
drawing the curve (at Po2 10 mm
hg what is the saturation of hb??)
(7)What's p50 and its importance
(8)bohr effect
(9)Why there is decrease in affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen during Bohr Effect.
(7)How is Co2 transported in blood?
(8)What is Chloride shift? And its effect
(9)why 02 is 97% in hb and 3% in plasma!?
(10)how much o2 gets dissolved! (0.003 ml not sure)
(11)how does hbo2 curve look!?
(shape)
(13)Why 02 hb is sigmoid curve
(14)hb o2 curve and zones
(15) hbo2 curve definition
(16) hb o2 zones significance (partialpressure difference e saturation of hb kibhabe change hoi describe korte hobe)
(17)60mmhg or 100mmhg Te
partial pressure of o2 koto hoi!?
(18)oxygen content and po2 in artrial and venous blood.
(19)how much haemoglobin and o2 is present in 100 ml of blood?
(20) what is increase effect of P(co2) in the oxyhaemoglobin
dessociation curve.
(21) why increase P(co2) decreases
tha affinity of Hb to bind with 02?
(22) Function of hemoglobin in
maintaining the oxygen buffer
(23) Affect of fetal hemoglobin on 2,3 BPG
(24)How increased 2,3-BPG affects
the affinity of Hb for 02
(25) What causes increase in blood
2,3-BPG concentration?
(26) Stored blood and affinity of Hb for 02
(27) Tissue oxygen buffer sustem.
(28) How 2,3 BPG is formed and its
effect on curve?
(29)Effect of 2,3 BPG in stored
blood.
(30)How can we decrease effect of
2,3 BPG in stored blood?
(31)Haldane effect
(32)How is Bohr effect different from Haldane effect
(33)Factors that affect o2 affinity with hb, and what is its effect on the curve.
(34)When partial pressure of
co2 is increased what happens,
Israt mam - A Batch
1. Respiratory centre — definition, name, location, nucleus, function
2. Hering —Breuer reflex? Importance?
3. Where can we find stretch receptor?
4. inspiratory ramp signal? Imp?
5. Which works directly on respiratory centre? Primary stimuli?
6. Effect of O2& CO2 on respiration
7. Why can’t H+ stimulate respiratory centre directly?
8. Neural regulation of respiration
9. Rhythmic breathing?
10. Effect of H+ on respiration **
11. Which chemical factors act on central chemoreceptor?
12. Which chemical factors act on peripheral chemoreceptor?
13. Role of oxygen in respiratory control
Rosy Mam
1.Respiratory Center with function, location (Never mention pre botzinger)
2.Rhythmic Respiration Mechanism
3. Chemoreceptor’s location
4.Factors of chemoreceptors
5.Neural regulation of respiration
6.Chemical Regulation of respiration
7. Regulation of respiration during exercise
8.What is Hering Breuer reflex?
9. What is Inspiratory Ramp Signal?
10. Periodic Breathing
11. Cheyne Strokes breathing
12. Apnea, Sleep apnea
C Batch
1. Regulations respiration during
2. Chemical respiration
3. Respiratory Center definition
4. Pneumotaxic center
5. Inspiratory ramp signal
Raihan mam - D Batch
(1)What are the types of respiratory regulation?
(2)Respiratory centre:name,location,functions
(3)Qualities of inspiratory ramp, inspiratory ramp manner
(4).What happens if inspiratory ramp is stopped
(5).what is the switch off of
inspiratory ramp
(6)Mechanism of cough reflex
(7)location and Function of ventral and dorsal respiratory group and pneumotaxic respiratory centre
(8)How hypoventailation cause
apnea.?
(9)Irritant receptors, location and its reflex ( cough and sneeze reflex)
(10) explain Hering Breuer reflex, its types and Lung volume during this reflex
(11)What are receptors present in
lungs other than stretch receptors?
(12)What is sneeze reflex?
(13)Sites of dorsal respiratory group & its control of respiratory rhythm,
(14) J reflex and mechanism
(15) why we cannot hold respiration
voluntarily for long time?
(16)does oxygen have any effect on
central chemoreceptors!?
(17)can hydrogen concentration
change in blood effect the central
chemoreceptors!?
(18)Pneumotaxic kivabe inhibit kore
inspiration
(19)acclimatization
(20) peripheral chemoreceptors er location
(21)What is hypercapnia and it's
consequence?
(22) voluntary breathing
consequences
(23)How can inspiratory ramp be
controlled?
(24)What happens is vagus nerve is
severed?
(25) pre botzinger complex
(26) Mechanism of chemical regulation
(27)what will happen if inspiratory signals are not ramp
Ruhani sir
1. Cause of hypoxic and anemic hypoxia
2. Define of hyperventilation
3. How will be the conc. of O2 at mountain and bottom of the sea
4.Periodic breathing define and example
5. Dyspnea definition & causes
6. Hypercapnia define with range of PCO2
7. Details about O2 therapy
8. Apnea and cause
9. In case of which hypoxia 02 therapy doesn’t work?
10. Eupnoea
11. Tachypnea
12. Is the breathing shallow or deep in hyperventilation
13. Types of abnormal breathing pattern
14. Hypoxia — define and type
15. Oxygen therapy ***
16. Breathing pattern in hyperventilation
17. Hb level in cyanosis
18. Cause of histotoxic hypoxia
19. Cyanosis definition
20. Which cyanosis is seen in anemia?
Rosy Mam
1. SN -a.Hypoxia b. Cyanosis
2. Define dyspnoea, hypercapnea, periodic breathing
C Batch
1. Definition of hypoxia - all types definition and causes
2. Oxygen therapy for different hypoxia
3. Definition of
Apnea
Cyanosis
Dyspnea with causes
Periodic breathing with example
Oxygen debt with causes
Raihan mam - D Batch
(1)What is hypoxia?
(2)Classification of hypoxia and their definition and causes?
(3)Oxygen therapy in case of hypoxic hypoxia and its effects
(4)Asphyxia and physiological
changes caused by it and response
(5)Acclimatization and physiological
changes caused by it and response
(6).Hypercapnia, hypocapnia ,Hyperpnea def
(7)Dyspnea,causes,related clinical and physiological condition
(8)difference between dyspnea &
hypercapnia
(9)Definition of cyanosis
(10)concentration of accumulated haemoglobin
(11)Why cyanosis doesn't occur in anemic hypoxia
(12)What causes discoloration of skin in cyanosis
(13)What is Anemic and hypoxic Hypoxia & causes
(14)What is Histotoxic Hypoxia &
causes
(15)Compensatory mechanism of
hypoxia
(16)periodic breathing definition and types
(17)dyspnic index
(18)Response of hypoxia?
(19)What is stagnant hypoxia?
(20) biots breathing definition and Similarities with others
(21)Role of oxygen in hypoxia
(22)areas where u can observe
cyanosis
(23) Efficiency of o2 therapy
(24) cheyenne stroke