Card 5: Endocrine Physiology
CREDIT: NAYEEM NIAZ(127) -- SABIHA TASNIM SURAIYA(189)
Ruhani Sir
(A Batch)
1. Name of paracrine hormone & an example of it's function
2. hormone is a greek word. it means?
3. define hormone?
4. classify hormone according to chemical basis(examples)
5. chemical messenger (example of paracrine )
6. which one is master gland & why
7. mechanism of action of hormone
8. intercellular signalling of hormone receptor activation
9. what is up regulation & down regulation
10. Causes of down-regulation
11. 1st invented hormone?
12. End product of membrane phospholipid system?
13. What is endocrine gland? What is hormone?
14. Example of protein/peptide hormone?
15. second messenger definition, example?
16. Hormones of second messenger system
17. Classification of hormone receptors in cells
18. Location for the different type of hormone receptors.
19. Location of Enzyme linked hormone receptors -(in or out of cell membrane (era transmembrane receptors)
20. name of enzymes using enzyme linked receptor? Ans: leptine. Leptine ki kaj kre?
21. name of enzymes using adenylyl cyclase cAMP?
22. DAG and IP3 are the end product of which compound?
23. On the basis of num of amino acid, differentiate protein & peptide
24. What are the subunits of G- protein ? Which one contain GDP ?
25. Autocrine,paracrine, cytokine definition, example?
26. Which hormones use phospholipase C second messenger system?
Fatema Nurjahan Madam
1. Definition of Hormone
2.Classification with example ( On nature, site of action, receptor)
3. Example of protein hormones (GH,prolactin)
4. Example of polypeptide hormones
5. Anterior & Posterior Pituitary Gland Hormones
6. Regulation of hormone secretion(Feedback mechanism)
7. Mechanisms of G- Protein Linked Receptor ***
8. Mechanism of action of Steroid hormones (pure guyton lagbe)***
9. Name of 2nd messenger & systems
10. Mechanism of cAMP 2nd messenger
11. Mechanism of Thyroid Hormones (Full guyton e nai tao bolte hbe)
12. Hormones functioning via Enzyme linked hormone Receptor***. & its mechanism
13. Ion Channel Linked receptor & its mechanism
14. Ion channels of cell membrane
Esrat Jahan Madam
(C Batch)
1. Define endocrine gland. Name the endocrine glands from top to bottom.
2. Name the organs with endocrine functions.
3. Name the hormone secreting cells with their hormones.
4. Define hormone. Classify hormone according to the site of action & chemical nature.
5. State the mechanism of action of hormone with example.
6. Mention the location of hormone receptors with example.
7. Discuss about regulation of secretion of hormone.
8. Name the hormones that use adenylyl cyclase, CAMP second messenger system, phospholipase C second messenger system.
9. Short note: Down regulation, Up regulation.
Raihan Madam
Hormone - Definition , Classification with example , Properties of hormone
Classify hormone on the basis of solubility
whats the criteria of hormones for being hormones
amount of hormone secretion
definition oof Microgram & Picogram
define - General hormone & Name of general hormones,
Tropic Hormone - Definition & Example
Define & Example of neuroendocrine .
How are Thyroid and Catecholamines transporte in the body ?
Name of the endocrine glands. Different type of endocrine glands.
## Different types of cells & tissues that secreted hormones with examples.
Pitutary gland parts and example of secreted hormones.
Tell about - Hormones , Paracrine , Autocrine , Cytokines --Function of cytocrines
What are the hormones of hypothalamus & their function
Regulation of hormone secretion
Concentration of hormone in the blood
Mechanism of action of hormone with examples (2 example of each)
2nd messenger systems with examples
Define- Receptors. Mechanism of enzyme linked receptors and Example
cAMP chemical messenger mechanism and hormones act by that. (examples)
Hormons that acr by activation of genes
Name of steroid hormones. Mechamism of steroid hormone
Hormones released by thyroid and Parathyroid gland
Mechanism of Phospholipid messenger and Examples (hormones)
How inulin is activated.
Ruhani Sir
A Batch
1. Name the hormones of hypothalamus with their functions.
2. Hypothamo hypophyseal portal system ( Short note)
3. Role of hypothalamus in regulation of pituitary secretion.
4. Name the hormones of pituitary gland (ant & post) with their functions
5. Function of Growth hormone and It's regulation
*GH on skeleton & CHO metabolism
*diabetogenic effect of GH
*AA number in GH
*Role in bone & cartilage formation of GH
*What are the effects of GH on protein metabolism( anabolic or catabolic effect)?
*Effects of GH on fat metabolism..
6. How growth hormone stimulate cartilage and bone growth
7. Factors regulating growth hormone secretion.
8. Diabetogenic and ketogenic effect of GH
9. Short note : Acromegaly Gigantism, Pituitary dwarf, somatomedin C, Cretinism
10. Difference between acromegaly and gigantism
11. How post pituitary hormone synthesized and secreted?
12. Function of ADH and Oxytocin.
13. Regulation of ADH
14. Diabetes insipidus ( short note)
15. Pituitary cells & hormones?
16. Which cell is in larger proportion in anterior pituitary?
17. Hypothalamic hypophaisis portal track
18. Hypthamo hypophyseal portal system?
19. Importance of Hypothalamic-hypuphyseal portal System
20. Somatomedin C
21. Somatomedin C absent in?
22. Which race have deficiency of Sonatomedin C?
23. Function of prolactin
24. Dwarf baby and cretin baby er difference
25. When gigantism and acromegaly occur
26. What are the hormones secreted by posterior pituitary gland?
27. Functions of the ADH and oxytocin
28. What does acromegaly mean?
29. Name of hormone secreting cells of Anterior potitary gland with which hormon they secret??
30. Which hormones are secreted from posterior pituitary?
Esrat Jahan Madam
1. Hormones of Anterior pituitary & Posterior pituitary
2. Hypothalamic control of anterior pituitary secretion(flow chart)
3. Hypothalamic control of posterior pituitary secretion (flow chart)
4. Functions of Growth Hormone
5. Role of Growth hormone in bone & cartilage growth
6. Metabolic Role of Growth Hormone
7. Role of growth hormone in electrolyte metabolism
8. What are growth promoting hormones
9. What is somatomedin, types
10. Diabetogenic effect of Growth Hormone
11. Ketogenic effect of Growth Hormone
12. Control of secretion of growth hormone
13. Factor that stimulate /inhibit secretion of Growth Hormone (Bonus- What is REM sleep)
14. Types of Dwarfism, Cause
15. Difference between acromegaly & gigantism (Bonus -What is prognathous)
Fatema Nurjahan Madam
1. Name the hypothalamic hormones & their actions.
2. Name the hormones of anterior & posterior pituitary glands & their functions.
3. Discuss the hypothalamic regulation of pituitary secretion.
4. What is tropic hormone? Name such hormones with their source & site of secretion.
5. State the functions of growth hormone.
6. State the functions Of Insulin like Growth
7. Briefly mention about diabetogenic & ketogenic effects of growth hormone.
8. Describe the control of secretion of growth hormone.
9. List the factors that stimulate or inhibit secretion of growth hormone.
10. Short Note: Dwarfism, Acromegaly, Gigantism
11. Differentiate between acromegaly & gigantism.
12. ADH: Functions, Mechanism of action. Regulation, Factors inhibiting ADH secretion.
Raihan Madam
name the Pituitary hormones
What are the hormones secreted by hypothalamus
and how they affect pituitary hormons or **Control of anterior and Posterior pituitary hormones by hypothalamus
Hormones secreted by posterior pituitary
how many types of cells present in ant.pituitary
Function of Oxytocin
How posterior hormones synthesized and secreted
Functions of ADH and Oxytocin and How they work
Mechanism of production of ADH hormone and Hoe ADH regulate the body fluid balance.
Diseases due to hypo secretion of GH
Dwarfism Definition and Causes
Types of dwarfism , Causes and clinical features
what are the symptomes of Levi lorriean dwarfism.
Panhypopitutary dwarf and its feature.
How can we treat Dwarfism.
tell about - Gigantism & Acromegaly.
How to Differentiate the above disorers (their features)
Why lower jaw protrudes in acromegaly ?
Fuction of growth Hormone.
Effect of GH on protein deposition in tissue
Normal value of GH secreion per day .
Values of Plasma GH conc at different ages (adult , chuld & aged people)
Diabetogenic and ketogenic effect of Growth Hormone
Effect of GH on Cartilage and Bone.
Mechanism of bone growth
Function of GH
##Metabolic effect of GH
## Metabolic Effect of excess secretion of GH on Fat and carbohydrate mechanism
How diabetes caused due to excess secretion of growth Hormone
Location of Pitutary gland , Function of Pituitary secrete hormones
what is Pituitary stalk
Hypothalamic hypophyseal stalk
what is adrenohypophysis?
Oxytocin Hormone regulation ( Uterus contraction and milk reflex)
GH cell type (5 types)
Somatotropes acidophilic or basophilic
percentage of Somatotropes.
Name of chromophilic and chromophobic cell ?
Which cells are acidophilic and which are basophilic.
colour of acidophilic cell
Tamanna Madam
Written Exam :
Q-1: Give an outline of synthesis and secretion of thyroid hormone.
Q-2: Write the difference between hypothyroid and hyperthyroid ?
Q-3 : Write about -
1) Cretinism
2)Thyroid function test
Esrat Jahan Madam
1.steps of biosynthesis of thyroid hormones
2. what is iodine trapping
3. formation and secretion of thyroglobulin
4. Organification of thyroglobulin
5. coupling reaction
6. sodium iodide symporter, how does it gets its energy location of Sodium Potassium atpase pump
7. metabolic function of Thyroid hormones
8. function of Thyroid hormone on CVS/ CNS/ respiration/ git/ sleep/ sexual functions
9. daily requirement of Iodine in body
10. name some thyroid function tests
11. define cretinism causes and clinical features
12. define myxedema clinical features
13. cause of baggy Eyes in myxedema
14. features of hyperthyroidism
15. autoimmune diseases related to thyroid Hormone
16. hypothyroidism clinical features (Random)
Fatema Nurjahan Madam
1.Name the hormones secreted from thyroid gland.
2.Name the steps of biosynthesis of T3 & T4. Describe each step in detail.
3.Describe the mechanism of action of thyroid hormone.
4.Mention the physiological functions of thyroid hormones.
5. State the calorigenic action of thyroid hormone.
6.Discuss the regulation of thyroid hormone secretion.
7.Give the effects of TSH on thyroid gland.
8.Define thyroid function test with example.
9.Give the causes of congenital hypothyroidism.
10.What are the diagnostic laboratory findings in a patient of hypothyroidism & hyperthyroidism?
11.What is cretinism?Mention it’s causes & features.
12.Short note: Cretinism, Myxedema, Goiter, Grave’s disease.
13.Differentiate between cretinism & myxedema,hypo & hyperthyroidism.
14.Clinical features of hypo & hyperthyroidism.
Ruhani Sir
1. Major crystalline name and formula
2. Parathyroid functions/ effect on calcium
3. Vit D function in intestine
4. Physiological function of Calcium
5. Role of PTH on intestine- direct or indirect? Why indirect?
6. What is the effect of PTH on potassium in intestine?
7. What are the cells in parathyroid gland?
8. Which cell mainly secret PTH ?
9. Physiological effect of calcium
10. Role of PTH in intestine
11. Effect of PTH in the production of active Vitamin D
12. Cells of PTH gland
13. Action of vit d on absorption of Ca2+ in intestine
14. Skin e vitamin D ki hisabe pawa jai.& kivabe eta cholecalcifetol hoi
15. PTH kon kon organ er upor kaj kore
16. Effects of PTH on Ca in renal tubules.
17. What is bone remodeling?
18. Function of calcitonin.
19. Types of cells in parathyroid glans and their secretion.
20. How vitamin D helps in absorption of calcium in intestine.
21. Physiological effect of Ca
22. Bone salt er name & formula.
23. Physiological effect of Ca ion
24. Effect of PTH on intestine.
Esrat Jahan Madam
1. Diffusible & non diffusible percentage of Ca
2. Buffer mechanism of Ca Homeostasis
3. Cause, feature in children, treatment of Tetany
4. Symptoms of tetany in adult, treatment, effect of calcitriol in ca homeostasis
5.Normal concentration of Ca in plasma(mg/dl & mmol/L)
6.Route of excretion of Ca as urine & stool
7.Role of calcitriol in Ca++ homeostasis
8.Function of PTH
9.Function of Ca2+
10.Name these Hormones that control Ca2+
11.Function of Ca
12.calcitonin mechanism
13.Calcitriol - full name
14.Calcitriol - mechanism
15.Effects of PTH in Ca homeostasis
16.Intake and excretion of Ca
17.diffusible & non diffusible amount of Ca, plasma conc. of Ca in case of tetany
18.Tetany: -definition, cause, features (in children & adult), latent tetany sign, treatment.
19.Distribution of Phosphate ion in cell
Fatema Nurjahan Madam
1. State the forms Of Ca2+ in plasma.
2. Give the functions of
3. State the Steps of biosynthesis of active vit-D.
4. Name the hormones needed in Ca2+ metabolism.
5. Describe the mechanism of control of PTH secretion by Ca2+ conc.
6. Name the enzymes used in active vit-D synthesis.
7. State the mechanism of action of PTH.
8. Short note: Calcitonin, Tetany.
Raihan Madam
Sources of Vitamin D
formation of vit D / calcitriol?
and its effect on intestine
function of calcitriol
Activation of Vitamin D ??
How does calcitriol increase Ca absorption in intestine and epithelial cell
What is
Hypocalcemia
Calcium Rigor
Function of ionized Calcium
Regulation of concentration of Ca in blood.
Regulation of secretion of PTH
Function of PTH
What is tetany
Number and location of parathyroid gland
Types of cells in parathyroid gland
Number of amino acid in PTH
Carpopedal spasm ?
Laryngeal Stridor and how it causes death ??
Causes of tetany and clinical condition .
Where tetany occurs and why ??
osteomalacia , Osteoporosis causes and Symptoms
What is hypoparathyroidism , causes and symptoms
Ca level below 6mg/dl leads to ??
Ca Distribution , Regulation
importace of ionized form of Ca
Reabsorption pocess (Rapid and slow phase)
Name of the crystal form of Ca when it is deposited in bone.
Fatema Nurjahan Madam
(A Batch)
1. Adrenocortical hormone name
2. Why aldosterone is called lifesaving hormone
3. Function of aldosterone
4. Aldosterone escape.
5. Aldosterone escape and its mechanism
6. ECF volume and arterial pressure কত হলে aldosteron escape হয়?
7. Regulation of aldosterone
8. Mechanism of action of aldosterone
9. What is Cushing syndrome? Cause, type, clinical features
10. ACTH dependent Cushing syndrome ke ki bole?
11. Aldosterone escape
12. Metabolic effect of cortisol
13. Regulation and Function of Aldosterone
14. Why cortisol a stress hormone
15. Effect of cortisol on inflammation
16. Mechanism of action of aldosterone
17. Cushing’s syndrome, Cushing’s disease, clinical features of cs
18. Regulation of aldosterone secretion.
Esrat Jahan Madam
1. Hormones of adrenal gland
2. Hormones of adrenal medulla, combined name?
3. Aldosterone escape.
4. Why Aldosterone is called Lifesaving hormone
5. Hormone that causes pressure natriuresis, diuresis
6. Feature name of hypo & hyperaldosteronism
7. Difference between Cushings Syndrome & Myxedema
8. Conn's syndrome definition and it's features
9. Why is cortisol called emergency hormone?
10. Permissive effect of cortisol hormone
11.Regulation of aldosterone hormone
12.why cortisol is called emergency hormone
13.effect of cortisol on blood, anti inflammatory effect
14.anti stress effect of cortisol
15.Permissive action of cortisol
16.Hormones of adrenal gland
17.Adrenal cortex hormone types
18.Steroid hormone receptor Location
19.Why aldosterone is called life saving hormone?
20.Inflammatory effect of cortisol: mechanism...
21.Permissive action of glucocorticoids,
22.why ACTH is called emergency hormone?
23.Other life saving hormone?
24.Function of cortisol,
25.anti inflammatory effect of cortisol.
26.What is Cushing syndrome? Features, Why these features occur?
Fatema Nurjahan Madam
(C Batch)
1. List the hormones secreted from adrenal gland.
2. What are the functions of glucocorticoid & aldosterone?
3. State the mechanism of action of aldosterone.
4. Describe the regulation of aldosterone secretion.
5. Name the stress hormone. What is the role of cortisol on inflammation?
6. Give the Important metabolic functions of cortisol.
7. List the clinical features of Addison's disease.
8. What is Addisonian crisis? How does It occur?
9. What do you mean by adrenogenital syndrome? State the clinical features in case of female, prepubertal mate & adult male.
10. "Cortisol Is an emergency hormone"-explain the statement.
11. What do you know about circadian rhythm of cortisol?
12. Explain the physiological basis of increased skin pigmentation in Addison’s disease.
13. "Aldosterone is called the life saving the statement.
14. What do you mean by aldosterone escape?
15. Short note: Primary aldosteronism, Secondary aldosteronism, Cushing’s syndrome, Addison's disease.
Raihan Madam
Stress in body
why cortisol released in stress
resolution of inflammation
Parts of adrenal gland and zones of adrenal cortex with thier secretions
Mechanism of action of aldosterone
Regulation of aldosterone
What is the main mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid in body?
Does cortisol has mineralacorticoid activity?
Regulation of aldosterone? Main function of aldosterone
Name the mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids.
Which glucocorticoid is more potent than cortisol
Anti inflammatory effect of cortisol (5 stages of inflammation + the decrease in cell count)
Parts of adrenal gland and zones of adrenal cortex with thier secretions
Mechanism of action of aldosterone
Regulation of aldosterone
Names of glucocorticoids, Function of glucocorticoids
Addison disease and features
Cushing disease and features
Addisonian crisis
Dexamethasone suppresion test
Effect of hypersecretion of androgen hormones
Diabetogenic effect of cortisol
Effect of cortisol on metabolism
Effect of cortisol in allergic reactions and bone Permissive
action of glucocorticoids
Cushing syndrome, causes ,features
What does deficiency of mineralocorticoides and glucocorticoids cause?
Effect of Cortisol on bone
Cortisol effect in stress Anti inflammatory effects
Why aldosterone is called life saving drug(******)
functions of Aldosterone.. Muscle er upor ki effect?
Glucocorticoid permission action
Action of cortisol on allergy immunity blood cells
Primary aldosteronism. Why it causes hypertension
Name synthetic mineralocorticoids
Mineralocorticoid hormones & percentage of Accounts for aldosterone activity
conns syndrome cause
Mechanism of action of aldosterone, regulation of secretion,
when aldosterone secretion increases ??
Esrat Jahan Madam
(A Batch)
1. Metabolic effect of insulin
2. Effects of lack of insulin
3. Types of diabetes
4. pancreas এর কয়টা portion?কত পার্সেন্ট?
5. Endocrine theke ki ki secrete hoy?
6. Blood glucose level maintain kore kon kon hormone?
7. Insulin’s principal action (rapid, intermediate, delayed)
8. Effect of lack of insulin (pathophysiology r chart)
9. Role of insulin on carbohydrate, protein,fat metabolism
10. How Insulin maintains blood glucose level?
11. Factors regulating insulin secretion(stimulator, inhibitor)
12. Insulin sensitive, insensitive organ/tissue
13. Pancreas e islets of langerhans এর পরিমাণ??Ki ki cell আছে ? তাদের percentage and secretion ??
14. Insulin কোন কোন tissue te glucose uptake করায় না??(Insulin insensitive tissue)
15. Most important 3 function :
যদি 1টা function বলতে বলে তাহলে এই 3টার জন্য বলবো :
1. Insuline -- increase cell growth ( as it is anabolic type )
2 . Growth Hormone increase all cell growth which is capable of growing.
3. Thyroid hormone increase BMR .
16. how insulin decrease bg level
17. action of insulin in general
18. Pathophysiological effects of insulin deficiency ( Ganong er chart)
19. General effect of insulin on protein metabolism.
20. Which tissues are insensitive to insuline for glucose uptake?
21. Mechanism of action of insulin
22. Structure of insulin
23. substance that stimulates and inhibit insulin secretion, mechanism of action of insulin
24. How glucagon increases blood glucose level?
25. factors regulating insulin secretion
Esrat Jahan Madam
(B Batch)
Hormones of endocrine part of pancreas
Mechanism of action of insulin
How Epinephrine & Nor epinephrine maintains blood glucose?
How cortisol regulates blood glucose
Insulin non sensitive tissue,
inhibitors of insulin secretion,
regulation of blood sugar by glucagon.
Metabolic functions of insulin
Difference between DM & DI
Principle action of insulin on target tissue
Effect of insulin lack in body
Metabolic function of insulin
Principle action of insulin
Stimulators of insulin secretion
Mechanism of action of insulin
Fatema NurJahan Madam
1. Name the hormones secreted from Islets of Langerhans.
2. Give the functions of glucagon.
3. State the action of insulin on fat, protein, carbohydrate metabolism.
4. What are the pathophysiological effects of insulin?
5. Give the mechanism of action of insulin.
6. Name the hormones that regulate blood glucose level.
7. How blood glucose conc. Is controlled nearly constant by liver?
8. Differentiate between Type-1 & Type-2 diabetes mellitus.
Raihan Madam
Factors affecting insulin ?
Where is insulin secreted from
Insulin secretion mechanism ?
Insulin secretion duration ?
Metabolic activity of insulin ?
Oral hypoglycemic agent names ?
How does liver release glucose between meals .
Effect of insulin on brain ? Lack of insulin ?
puberty? Why reproduction cannot be done before puberty?
pregnency?
What r the changes occur in the pregnancy?
Effect of pregnancy on cvs
lactation and it's stages in female?
Regulation of secretion of insulin How insulin is secreted?
effects of insulin deficiency
effects of autonomic nervous system in insulin secretion
lack of insulin effects?
glycosuria?
Insulin lack effect on fat and carbohydrate metabolism
How hormone sensitive lipase activity affected during insulin lack
factors inhibiting insulin secretion.
function of insulin
how insulin increases fat deposition
metabolic syndrome
What is diabetes mallitus ?
diabetes mellitus types
Random diabetes mellitus range
diabetes symptoms
Mechanism of action of insulin
Functions of insulin
on carbohydrate metabolism
in Muscle
Functions of insulin on fat metabolisme.
Secretion of insulin
Principal action of insulin(rapid,intermediate, delayed)
What's are the consequences if fat metabolism doesn’t occur by insulin
Chemistry of Insulin
What is C peptide
Importance of C
peptide Pancreatic hormones
Relationship between pancreatic hormones
Chemistry of Insulin
Hormones secreted by pancreatic cells
***Lack of insulin leads to?
Normal value of blood glucose / blood glucose evel
Hormones of pancreas
Physiological anatomy of pancreas
Which cell occupies larger portion of islets of langerhans
hormones secretion according to cells
Cell of pancreas and their secretion
relation of pancreatic hormone