Properties of cardiac muscle.Junctional tissues of the heart. Generation of cardiac impulse & its conduction in the heart.

Cardiac cycle: definition, events, pressure & volume changes during different phases of cardiac cycle. Heart sounds : type, characteristics and their significances ECG : definition, principles and interpretations

Functional classification of blood vessels, interrelationship among pressure, flow & resistance.
Local & humoral control of blood flow in the tissues. Exchange of fluid through the capillary membrane. Peripheral resistance: definition & factors affecting. Blood pressure: definition, types, measurement & regulation of arterial blood pressure.

SV, EDV, ESV: definition & factors affecting them. Cardiac output : definition, measurement, regulation and factors affecting cardiac output. Venous return: definition & factors affecting. Heart rate: factors affecting & regulation. Pulse: definition, characteristics

Circulatory adjustment during muscular exercise Cardiac arrhythmias : tachycardia, bradycardia. Heart block: definition and types Shock: definition, classification. Physiological basis of compensatory mechanism of circulatory shock.