Respiration: definition, mechanism. Pulmonary & Alveolar ventilation.

Pulmonary volumes and capacities(spirometry)

Dead space: physiological & anatomical

Lung function tests : name & significance

Composition of atmospheric, alveolar, inspired and expired air.

Respiratory unit and respiratory membrane.

Diffusion of Gases through the respiratory membrane.

Peculiarities of pulmonary circulation Ventilation -perfusion ratio.

Transport of Oxygen & Carbon dioxide in blood.

Oxy-hemoglobin dissociation curve. Bohr effect, Haldane effect & Chloride shift.

Respiratory centers: name, location & functions.

Nervous & chemical regulation of respiration. Regulation of respiration during exercise.

Hypoxia: definition, types Cyanosis: definition & types.

Definition of dyspnea, hypercapnia & periodic breathing.