Physiological anatomy of gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Enteric nervous system.

Local hormones of GIT: name, functions & regulation of secretion

Neural and hormonal control of GI function.

Movements of the GIT. GI reflexes.
Kidney: functions of kidneys.
Renal circulation: peculiarities with functional importance.

Urine formation

Glomerular filtration, determinants of GFR, Autoregulation of renal blood flow and GFR.

Reabsorption and secretion by the renal tubules

Definition of Tm, Renal threshold, tubular load & plasma load and diuresis

Mechanism of formation of concentrated & dilute urine.

Micturition reflex Abnormalities of micturition